Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

Imagery is generally a sign or token of something. In the issue of writing, the meaning of the scholarly gadget, imagery, is increasingly confused. Images of writing are normally otherworldly. The fundamental image of The Scarlet Letter is the red "A" that Hester Prynne was condemned to wear on her chest. Nathaniel Hawthorne's aim was to make the importance of the dark red token worn on the chest of Hester Prynne is profoundly vague. In this he was effective. Despite the fact that the "A" implies "adulteress" to the individuals of Boston, to peruser the "A" may have different implications, for example, "American" or "able". To the townspeople, writer, and peruser plainly the first aim of the "A" was to represent "adulteress". When Hester Prynne got pregnant during the nonattendance of her better half she was blamed and sentenced for infidelity. Her sentence was to wear a red letter "A" on her chest to let everybody realize that she was an adulteress, forevermore. On account of her interesting sentence everybody realized that she was, truth be told, an adulteress and individuals rewarded her that way. Society censured her for her transgression, without knowing whatever else. Hester had to live alone on the edges of the city. She was a needle worker, however got practically nothing business. At the point when she utilized her aptitudes to enhance the "A", things as it were deteriorated. Individuals felt that she was attempting to flaunt the way that she was an adulteress, or that she was pleased to be. Hester's girl, Pearl, was continually derided by other youngsters for being a "evil", "devil" youngster. Unmistakably it was the main goal of the image to reve! al that Hester Prynne was an adulteress. Despite the fact that the first aim of the "A" was to check Hester Prynne as an adulteress, it likewise has other, increasingly unique implications. The letter has a connection to the word, "American". Hester Prynne's "A" mirrors a "American" which means in different manners. For one, America is a blend of numerous people groups and thoughts, just like Hester's "A". She earned that "A" under certain circumstances. She was in a cold marriage. She had been isolated from her significant other for a long time. She figured he may be at the base of the ocean. She was infatuated with another man. She was seen and rebuffed under an exacting Puritan eye. Like the improvement of America, the were numerous conditions that prompted the created of Hester's "A". Another way that Hester Prynne's "A" represents America, is that they were both molded by past activities. No matter how Hester had changed, since her demonstration of infidelity, anytime

Alloy Definition and Examples in Chemistry

Combination Definition and Examples in Chemistry A combination is a substance made by softening at least two components together, in any event one of them metal. An amalgam takes shape after cooling into a strong arrangement, blend, or intermetallic compound. The parts of compounds can't be isolated utilizing a physical methods. An amalgam is homogeneous and holds the properties of a metal, despite the fact that it might incorporate metalloids or nonmetals in its piece. Interchange Spellings: composites, alloyed Compound Examples Instances of compounds incorporate hardened steel, metal, bronze, white gold, 14k gold, andâ sterling silver. In spite of the fact that special cases exist, most compounds are named for their essential or base metal, with a sign of different components arranged by mass percent. Employments of Alloys Over 90% of metal utilized is as compounds. Composites are utilized on the grounds that their substance and physical properties are prevalent for an application than that of the unadulterated component segments. Run of the mill enhancements incorporate consumption obstruction, improved wear, extraordinary electrical or attractive properties, and warmth opposition. Different occasions, amalgams are utilized in light of the fact that they hold the key properties of segment metals, yet are more affordable. Model Alloys Steel: the name given to a compound of iron with carbon, normally with different components, for example, nickel and cobalt. Different components add an ideal quality to the steel, for example, hardness or elastic strength.Stainless Steel: another iron combination, which ordinarily contains chromium, nickel, and different components to oppose rust or corrosion.18k Gold: this is 75% gold. Different components regularly incorporate copper, nickel, or zinc. This composite holds the shading and radiance of unadulterated gold, yet is more earnestly and more grounded, improving it appropriate for jewelry.Pewter: an amalgam of tin, with different components, for example, copper, lead, or antimony. The compound is pliable, yet more grounded than unadulterated tin, in addition to it opposes the stage change of tin that can cause it to disintegrate at low temperatures.Brass: a blend of copper with zinc and some of the time different components. Metal is hard and strong, making it reasonable fo r plumbing installations and machined parts.Sterling Silver: is 92.5% silver with copper and different metals. Alloying silver makes it harder and progressively sturdy, despite the fact that the copper will in general lead to greenish-dark oxidation (discolor). Electrum: Some amalgams, similar to electrum, happen normally. This amalgam of silver and gold was profoundly prized by old man.Meteoritic Iron: While shooting stars may comprise of any number of materials, some are regular compounds of iron and nickel, with extraterrestrial roots. These combinations were utilized by old societies to make weapons and tools.Amalgams: These are mercury amalgams. The mercury makes the amalgam much like a glue. Amalgams might be utilized inâ dental fillings, with the mercury flawless, albeit another utilization is to spread the amalgam and afterward heat it to disintegrate the mercury, leaving a covering of another metal.

Blogging Scholarship Conclusion

Blogging Scholarship Conclusion Speaking of deadlines coming up really soon, the blogging scholarship ends the 28th at midnight PST. So if youve been waiting to vote, or youve been waiting to tell your friends, family, or family pets to vote, do it now! You can vote by clicking here. You can also use multiple computers, iPhones, Treos, whatever.. just be sure to do it before the deadline. This week was pretty crazy due the combination of the some illness and the Red Sox going to the World Series I lost my voice almost entirely, to the point that I sound like a drowning male frog through a voice changer. Its so bad that I almost fully convinced my mom over the phone that Ive decided to live my life as a boy, and will be getting a court order next week to legally change my name to Jerome. Other than that, not much to report (besides my first oral exam in Japanese). Therell be more of this to come later, but for now, thank you so much for the support! Its been a long month of spamming people I havent talked to in years, but it all ends tonight, so again thanks a lot.

The Ethical Issues Of Animal Welfare - 1097 Words

In recent years, the genetic engineering of animals has increased significantly. With this technology, we also see some ethical issues that relate to animal welfare — defined by the World Organization for Animal Health as â€Å"the state of the animal†¦how an animal is coping with the conditions in which it lives†. In an attempt to ensure that all participants are aware of the ethical issues at stake and can make a valid contribution to the current debate regarding the creation and use of genetically engineered animals; all participants such as veterinarians should take consideration in this technology use. Also, the reflection of society’s values within scientific practice and evolving technology, particularly publicly funded efforts that aims to provide societal benefits. These challenges that come with animals that are being genetically engineered have governing bodies developing guidelines, that focus on the increased awareness and observing of impending impacts on the welfare of such animal. Veterinarians can help tremendously in ensuring that this observation is being done. Particularly in the study setting when different genetically engineered animal strains are being established. Names used to describe genetically engineered animals are the following: â€Å"genetically modified, genetically altered, genetically manipulated, transgenic, and biotechnology-derived, amongst others†. Transgenes is the first stage of animal genetic engineering. This stage is when the transfer ofShow MoreRelatedU.s. Salmon Aquaculture : Ethical Issues1390 Words   |  6 PagesU.S. Salmon Aquaculture: Ethical Issues in Farmed Salmon Kimberly Jones Troy University Dr. Miller â€Æ' Abstract There are many ethical arguments surrounding aquaculture. The salmon industry in the United States has many ethical concerns in relation to farmed salmon. This paper will first discuss the salmon industry, then discuss specific ethical issues facing farmed salmon, and finally review any laws, regulations or relief efforts in place to reduce these ethical concerns, or that aggravate theseRead MoreA Comparison Of Advocates And Adversaries Of Animal Research1641 Words   |  7 Pages A Comparison of Advocates and Adversaries of Animal Research Tony Lee April 20, 2015 Dr. Baine Craft Abstract The belligerent perspectives of animal research hold strongly to different goals. Advocates hold the view that animal research is beneficial to science and medicine, which can be applied for humans and animals alike. This is opposite from the perspective of adversaries who value the life of an animal, as well as related lives. History shows the progression of the adversariesRead MoreEssay What Moral and Ethical Obligations do Humans Have to Animals1492 Words   |  6 Pagesfarming method of animal husbandry has become quite a controversial issue and caused apprehension amongst many different factions of society. These concerns relate to how high density farming practices result in dangers associated with environmental impacts, human health and non-human welfare. Animal welfare/animal rights groups argue that the conditions in which the animals live are cruel and abhorrent. This notion of cruelty invites debate surrounding the complex and multi-faceted issue of the moralRead MoreGene tically Modified Animals : Genetic Engineering1518 Words   |  7 PagesI. McMillon Genetically Modified Animals Biology Assignment #2 Strayer University Professor 08/23/2015 Genetically Modified Animals Introduction In this research paper on gene technology I hope to share some understanding in the process of gene transfer in animals, the process of obtaining genetically engineered animals, and analyze the social and moral implications associated with this gene technology in animals. Genetic modification of animals started thirty years ago with theRead MoreEthical And Scientific Considerations Regarding Animal Testing And Research759 Words   |  4 Pagesis Ethical and Scientific Considerations Regarding Animal Testing and Research. The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, which emphasized reduction, refinement, and replacement of animal use, principles, many scientists referred to the three R’s. These principles encouraged researchers to work to cut down the figure of animals utilized in experiments to the minimum considered necessary, refine or limit the pain and distress to which animals are exposed, and replace the use of animals withRead MoreResearch Ethics : Animal And Clinical Research1188 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Ethics: Animal and Clinical Research When it comes to clinical research, many people think of clinical trials, but that’s only merely a small portion of a process towards a medical development involving a process call bench to the bedside. Clinical research outline scientific investigation involving animal or human subjects helping translate basic research into new treatments that would be valuable to patients. Clinical trials can contain a variety of research under the departments of physiologyRead MoreThe Impact Of Corporate Social Responsibility On The Food Industry1434 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing proactive on social as well as ethical issues. When one compares this natural tendency to the industries of today, one see’s this voluntary behaviour in a deliberate and compelled act by most involved, which is truly known as Corporate Social Responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is known to be the voluntary model that is not only used by many businesses, but industries themselves to self-regu late their active compliance with the law, ethical standards within their respective sectorsRead MoreGene Technology756 Words   |  4 PagesGMO being used now is genetically modified or engineered animals which are animals in which modern technology and molecular biology are used to alter their existing characteristics or traits. Genetically modified animals are used for various purposes the biggest one now is bio pharma meaning they are intended to produce substances that can be used for human or animal pharmaceuticals. There is also a development of genetically modified animals for the use of scarce cells, tissue, or organs for transplantsRead MoreExpanding Our Horizons – Animal Welfare Concerns1112 Words   |  5 PagesAfter a state of the art breakthrough at a scientific laboratory, several tested animals became capable of human intellectual capabilities and emotions. During an unseen event, they escape the facility, no longer remaining hostage as test experiments. T en years pass and now the roles have reversed. These super hybrid animals are now the top of the food chain and humans are their pawns. In a reversal of roles, zoos now hold humans in depicted natural environments and local grocery and departmentRead MoreThe Ethical Theories Of Utilitarianism And Kantian Ethics Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay, I will be discussing an article about a woman who starved her two horses. I will address the issue about whether or not the woman’s action was ethical. I will use the two ethical theories of utilitarianism and Kantian ethics to support my argument. I will also suggest a different course of action the woman could have taken to be justified, through both ethical theories. The article follows the story about an Australian woman who breached her duty of care to two horses that she owned

Early Childhood - Original Writing - 985 Words

Hope- 4 yrs old Faith- 3 yrs old They are sisters that mostly interact with themselves. They both currently don’t attend regular preschool but they go to Sunday school and are being taught their numbers and alphabets by their mother until they are eligible to attend preschool. Biosocial Development in Early Childhood The girls engaged in trying to write their names so they could develop their small motor skills. Hope was able to write her name, but Faith still struggles with writing her name. She actually started drawing random pictures that she described to her mother as her mom, dad, and her dinosaur that she named Sandwich. The girls engaged in going on an adventure walk outside so they could develop their large motor skills. They were asked what colors and things did they see outside on their walk. The girls described how they saw â€Å"green tall trees† and â€Å"big red doors.† As they were outside, they had to navigate themselves back to the house without any help from their mother. If they went the wrong way, they would turn themselves back around and after 10 minutes, they finally navigated themselves back to their house. Language Development in Early Childhood Hope was explaining to her mother how her grandmother was going to take her to a â€Å"watch car.† She actually meant that her grandmother was taking her to a car show so she can see vintage cars. Faith was upset with her cousin because he took a car from her so she called a â€Å"hot dog face.† The girls had used anShow MoreRelatedHistorical And Contemporary Figures Of The Field Of Education815 Words   |  4 Pageseducation. I have chosen Abigail Adam Eliot as my historical figure and Lucy Calkins as my contemporary figure for connection to history and theory in this discussion. Abigail Adam Eliot (October 9, 1892 – October 29, 1992) She was an early leader in nursery and childhood education and in training teachers for nursery schools. Eliot studied nursery education under Margaret McMillan in England in 1921 at the Rachel McMillan School; she brought the practice of nursery schools to America (Liebovich, 2016)Read MoreAlice Walker s The Color Purple1460 Words   |  6 Pageswilling to create something extraordinary. With an open mind, the artist ponders the idea of creating something entirely original that goes against the artistic styles practiced before. All on his own Pablo Picasso created a different style of art, and practiced painting things his own way. He believed in redefining and reinventing past techniques in order to make them more original; no matter what the preconceived notion society had at the time of what style of art was considered acceptable in theRead MoreEdgar Allan Poes Effects Of Childhood And Adulthood1340 Words   |  6 PagesFriedrich Nietzsche most notable quotes which is making a relation between childhood and adulthood is â€Å"In every real man a child is hidden that wants to play.† We certainly can’t deny the effects that our childhood memories are making on the rest of our lives like the way that the others treated us and also learning the manners from our parents or surrounding adults in general. Edgar Allan Poe’s early life and his childhood is no exception as he grew up without the supervision of his biological parentsRead MoreChild Rearing Essay example1495 Words   |  6 PagesBible a lot of our modern philosophy on child rearing can be traced back to the writings of John Locke who wrote the treatise Some Thoughts Concerning Education which was published in 1693. Locke started writing his thoughts about childrearing at the request of his cousin who was asking for advice about the upbringing of her son. (Cleverly et al P.15) As John Cleverly and D.C. Phillips point out in Visions of Childhood: Influential Models From Locke to S pock, Locke began by discounting the notionRead MoreBenjamin Franklin : Self Improvement923 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-improvement Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston into a traditional Puritan household and he grew up in morals and ideas of America’s first European settlers that affected Franklin when he is a child. â€Å"My parents had early given me religious impressions, and brought me through my childhood piously in the Dissenting way.† and â€Å"†¦ my mind with regard to my principles and morals†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Page 43) He lived in a time of tumultuous changes that his character and thought were shaped by a blending of Puritan heritageRead MoreCanonization of Scripture (How the Bible Was Compiled?)1577 Words   |  7 Pageshardest things for me to accept concerning â€Å"religion† in general. The mere fact that the individual writings are written by human men â€Å"under the inspiration of God† just bothers me to no end. Knowing the imperfections of man, and how things always get twisted, embellished, misinterpreted, and/or generally made more grandiose than originally t old has always made me wonder: What were God’s original thoughts and meanings on any particular subject? What has been lost in translation? What has been twistedRead MoreEssay on Dr. Seuss Report975 Words   |  4 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Not all children may know his real name, but they do know what they like. And what they like is the author Theodor Geisel, or better known as the beloved Dr. Seuss. During the years of my early childhood I fondly remember my parents reading me the whimsical words of Dr. Seuss. His books were filled with imagination and humor which made them very enjoyable for me to listen to. As I got older I started to read Dr. Seuss books all by myself. All of his books are constructedRead MoreCharles Dickens: A Brief Biography Essay1315 Words   |  6 Pagesstories that had an immense impact in the Victorian era, and later years to come. From his underprivileged early years to the swift development of his career Charles Dickens matured into a f amous British novelist who wrote timeless works and flourished in his later years. Charles did not have the most pleasant early years; his feelings of abandonment and betrayal throughout his childhood translated through his later works (â€Å"Charles Dickens†). He was born on February 7th, 1812, in Portsmouth, EnglandRead MoreWilliam Wordsworth : Poet, Philosopher, Pioneer1456 Words   |  6 Pagesattain success after death and those who are admired while they are alive. William Wordsworth was and continues to be both. Considering that Wordsworth was alive over two centuries ago, Wordsworth’s paradigm is reflected within his unique style of writing, one that impacted the world of poetry forever. Over the course of William Wordsworth’s lifetime, many things contributed to shaping his worldview. At the young age of eight, Wordsworth’s mother died, and his father sent him to Hawkshead GrammarRead MoreThe Life of a Philosopher: John Amos Comenius (Jan Amos Komensky)1154 Words   |  5 PagesMoravia now known as the Czech Republic on March 28, 1592 and died November 15, 1670 in Naarden, Holland. He became a Morivian minister and dedicated his life to educating and writing books. John Amos Comenius was a philosopher who had his own ideas about education, how they came about, and how they influenced early childhood. When Comenius was twelve years old his parents died and was left an orphan. Since he was an orphan, his schooling started at a later age. He went to the Latin school

Acct 504 Case Study 2 Free Essays

ACCT504 – Accounting and Finance: Managerial Use and Analysis| Case Study 2| Evaluation of LJB Company’s Internal Controls| | [Type the author name]| Due: Feburary 10, 2013| Table of Contents Paragraph Introduction1 Accounting regulations2 Establishing a Control Environment3 Segregation of duties4 Segregation of record keeping form physical custody 5 Policies for petty cash6 Pre-numbered invoices 7 Distribution of paychecks8 Hiring policies9 Independent internal verification 10 Conclusion 11 The following is an evaluation of LJB Company’s internal controls, based on the information provided by the President of the company in an effort to prepare his company for the requirements needed to be a publically run company. First, I will establish the legal requirement needed and the importance of internal controls for an organization. Then I will review the current policies and establish better internal controls for each area of concern. We will write a custom essay sample on Acct 504 Case Study 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Once these policies have been instituted by the LJB Company, they should be ready to proceed with their plan to go public. There are many accounting regulations required by a public company. All accounting reports must follow the FASB and SEC guidelines. However, the newest accounting guidelines fall under the Saranes-Oxley act of 2002. The Act mandates reform to improve financial disclosure from companies and to reduce fraud. It requires that senior management must verify the accuracy of the reported financial statement. Plus it requires that management and auditors maintain a system of internal controls and report the methods of these controls. If the company doesn’t comply with the requirements, they could be subject to hefty fines. Before establishing internal controls, it is essential that the company establishes their control environment. The company’s management must clearly outline its goals, standards and ethics since they â€Å"set the stage† for the atmosphere and integrity for the entire organization. With the control environment in place, management can then implement its internal controls. I will review what control activities the company is doing right and what the company will need to change. The following control activities will be reviewed; segregation of duties, establishment of responsibility, adequate documents and records, physical control over assets and records and independent checks on performance. Currently, the LJB Company has one person who serves as the Treasurer and Controller. His responsibility includes purchases and paying for all of the supplies. This policy leaves the company venerable to fraud and increases the chances of errors. The company must establish a segregation of duties. Responsibilities should be separate, so no employee should be in the position to both make and conceal errors or fraud in the normal course of their duties. Therefore, I would recommend one person should be in charge of purchasing the supplies and that all purchases should be approved by a supervisor. Another person should be in charge of paying for the supplies and verifying that the purchase is accurate and approved. This should reduce the risk of undetected errors and limit the opportunity for fraudulent behavior. In addition to the purchasing/paying duties, the accounting person also receives the checks and completes the monthly bank reconciliation. When one individual is responsible for both activities, the potential for errors and irregularities is increased. There should be a segregation of record keeping form and physical custody. The accountant should not have custody of the checks and be responsible for the monthly band reconciliation. There should be a policy in which the work is either separated or reviewed by a supervisor. Next, I will review the company’s policy for petty cash. The current system allows every employee access to the cash and they are only required to leave a note if they remove any funds. This policy violates many proper internal control activities. The company needs to establish who is ultimately responsible for handling the petty cash. Only authorized personnel should have access to the funds. Expenses paid from the petty cash fund can only be made for the purpose the fund was authorized and must be supported by a receipt. When it is not in use, the petty cash box must be placed in a locked safe or cabinet. An independent count of the receipts and cash on hand must be performed regularly by an accounting officer or supervisor. The new policy of using pre-numbered invoices is an excellent way to insure that all documents are accounted for. It will also help errors such as, entering the record in more than once or missing entries entirely. Any gap in the numerical sequence may indicate a problem and possibly catch errors. I would also recommend the purchase of indelible ink machine to print checks. This will insure that the ink cannot be erased or washed away for fraudulent use. Next we will review the controls set up regarding issuing paychecks. The current procedure has the accountant picking up the paychecks and leaving them in his office for pick up. The checks are locked into a safe if he leaves for the weekend. When you pay employees, certain controls are needed to reduce the risk of fraud or errors. Whenever possible, the accountant should hand the checks directly to the employee, and always lock up undistributed paychecks. Another solution would be to have your employees set their paychecks to be automatically deposited directly into their personal bank account. The next step is to review your hiring policies. I would recommend counting the policy of having both the President and the accountant interview and make decisions on hiring an individual. However, I would also recommend implementing the following policies. If an employee handles cash, the company should have that employee bonded to protect the company from theft. A thorough background check should be run on each employee. All credentials should be verified by phone or by receiving a copy if applicable. After the employee has been vetted, be sure to cross train employees. This will be useful when you require employees to take vacations and rotate employee’s duties. All of these practices should lower the risk of employee theft. To ensure the reliability of the accounting information, an employee’s duties should be verified by others who do did not do the work themselves. I would also recommend that the company sets up a system for an independent internal verification. The company should audit data prepared by an employee periodically. This person should be independent of the activities or department of the person being audited. All discrepancies will need to be reported to management, so corrective action should be taken. In conclusion, establishing a system of internal controls will create a system of checks and balances that will reduce fraud, errors, increase effectiveness and insure they are fully compliant will all laws and regulation. Each internal control is the means by which an organization’s resources are directed, monitored and measured. These recommendations will help the company establish specific policies and procedures they will need to reach their goals of becoming a publically traded company. Resources How to cite Acct 504 Case Study 2, Free Case study samples

Our affections are transported beyond our selves Essay Example For Students

Our affections are transported beyond our selves Essay HOSE which still accuse men for ever gaping after future things, and go about to teach us, to take hold of present fortunes, and settle our selves upon them, as having no hold of that which is to come; yea much lesse than we have of that which is already past, touch and are ever harping upon the commonest huma ne error, if they dare call that an error, to which Nature her selfe, for the service of the continuation of her worke, doth address us, imprinting as it doth many others this false imagination in us, as more jealous of our actions, than of our knowledg e. We are never in our selves, but beyond. Feare, desire, and hope, draw us ever towards that which is to come, and remove our sense and consideration from that which is, to amuse us on that which shall be, yea when we shall be no more. Calamitosus est animus futuri anxius. 1 A minde in suspense what is to come, is in a pittifull case. This noble precept is often alleaged in Plato, Follow thy businesse and know thy selfe; Each of these two members, doth generally imply all our duty; and likewise enfolds his companion. He that should doe his businesse might perceive that his first lesson is, to know what he is, and what is convenient for him. And he that knoweth himselfe, takes no more anothers matters for his owne, but above all other things, loveth and correcteth himselfe, rejecteth superfluous occupations, idle imaginations, and unprofitable propositions. As if you grant follie what it desireth, it will no-whit be satisfied; so is wisdome content with that which is present, and never displeased with it selfe. Epicurus doth dispense with his age touching the foresight and care of what shall insue. Amongst the lawes that regard the deceased, that which ties the actions of Princes to be examined when they are dea d, seemes to me verie solid. They are companions, if not masters of the lawes: That which justice could not worke on their heads, it is reason it effect upon their reputation, and goods of their successors: things wee many times preferre before our liv es. It is a custome brings many singular commodities unto nations that observe it, and to be desired of all good Princes: who have cause to complaine that the memorie of the wicked is used as theirs. Wee owe a like obedience and subjection to all Kings; for it respects their office: but estimation and affection, we owe it only to their vertue. If they be unworthy, wee are to endure them patiently, to conceale their vices, and to aid their indifferent actions with our commendations, as long as their a uthoritie hath need of our assistance, and that ought to be ascribed unto politike order. But our commerce with them being ended, there is no reason we should refuse the unfolding of our felt wrongs unto justice and our libertie. And specially to refuse good subjects, the glory to have reverently and faithfully served a master, whose imperfections were so well knowne unto them: exempting posteritie from so profitable an example. And such as for the respect of some private benefit or interest, doe wick edly embrace the memorie of an unworthy Prince, doe particular justice at the cbarge of publike justice. Titus Livius speaketh truly, where he saith, that the speech of men brought up under a royaltie is ever full of vaine ostentations, and false witness ; everyman indiferently extolling the King, to the furthest straine of valour and soveraigne greatnesse. The magnanimitie of those two Souldiers may be reproved, one of which being demanded of Nero, why he hated him, answered him to his teeth; I loved thee whilest thou wast worthy of love, but since thou becamest a parricide, a fire-brand, a Juglar, a Player, and a Coach-man, I hate thee, as thou deservest. The other being asked, wherefore he sought to kill him, answered, Because I finde no other course to hinder thy uncessant outrages and impious deeds. But can any man, that hath his senses about him, justly prove the publike and generall testimonies that since his death have beene given, and so shall be for ever, both against him and all such like reprobates, of his tyrannicall and wicked demeanours? I am sorrie that in so sacred a policie as the Lacedemonian was, so fained and fond a ceremonie at the death of their Kings was ever devised and brought in use. All their confederates and n eighbours, all the slave-Helotes, men and women pell-mell, for a testimonie of their grief and sorrow, did mangle and gash their foreheads, and in their out-cries and lamentations exclaimed, that their deceased King, howsoever he had lived, was and had be ene the best Prince that ever they had, ascribing in order the commendations due unto desert, and to the last and latter ranke, what belongs unto the first merit. Aristotle that hath an oare in every water, and medleth with all things, makes a question a bout Solons speech, who saith, that no man can truly be counted happy before his death, Whether he that lived and died according to his wish, may be named happy, whether his renowne be good or ill, and whether his posteritie be miserable or no. Whilest w ee stirre and remove, wee transport ourselves by preoccupation wheresoever we list: but no sooner are wee out of being, but wee have no conununication at all with that which is. And it were better to tell Solon, that never man is happy then, since he n ever is so, but when he is no more. - Quisquam Vix radicitus e vita se tollit, et ejicit: Se facit esse qui quiddam super inscius ipse, Nee removet satis a projecto corpora sese, et Vindicat. Lucr. Rer. Nat. iii. 912. Scarce any rids himselfe of life so cleere But leaves unwitting some part of him heere: Nor frees or quits himselfe sufficiently From that his body which forlorne doth lie. Bertran d of Glesquin died at the siege of the castle of Rancon, neere unto Puy in Avergne: the besieged yeelding afterwards, were forced to carry the keies of the Castle, upon the decease of the Captaine. Presidents Under Fire EssayThis other curiositie meere opposite unto it which to prove I need not labour for home examples seemeth in my opinion cosen-german to this, that is, when one is ever ready to breathe his last, carefully and passionately to endevour how to reduce the convoy of his obsequies unto some particular and unwonted parcimonie, to one serva nt and to one lanterne. I heare the humour and appointment of Marcus ÃÆ'† milius Lepidus commended, who expressly forbade his heires to use those ceremonies about his interment, which in such cases were formerly accustomed. Is it temperance and frugalitie, to avoid charge and voluptuousnesse, the use and knowledge of which is imperceptable unto us? Loe here an easie reformation, and of small cost. Were it requisite to appoint any, I would be of opinion, that as well in that, as in all other actions of mans life, every man should referre the rule of it to the qualitie of his fortune. And the Philosopher Lycon did wisely appoint his friends to place his body where they should thinke it fittest and for the best: and for his obsequies, they should neither be superfluous, and over-costly, nor base and sparing. For my part, I would wholly relie on custome, which should dispose this ceremonie, and would yeeld my selfe to the discretion of the first or next into whose hands I might chance to fall. To tus hic locus est contemnendus in nobis, non negligendus in nostris: All this matter should be despised of us, but not neglected of ours. And religiously said a holy man; Curatio funeris, cond itio sepulturae, pompa exequiarum, magis sunt tivorum solatia, quam subsidia mortuorum: In the procuration of funerals, the maner of buriall, the pomp of obsequies, are rather comforts to the living , than helps to the dead. Therefore Socrates answered Criton, who at the houre of his death asked him how he would be buried: Even as you please, said he. Were I to meddle further with this subject, I would deeme it more gallant to imitate those who yet living and breathing, undertake to enjo y the order and honour of their sepulchres, and that please themselves to behold their dead countenance in marble. Happy they that can rejoyce and gratifle their sense with insensibilitie, and live by their death! A little thing would make me conceive a n inexpiable hatred against all popular domination; although it seeme most naturall and just unto me; when I call to minde that inhumane injustice of the Athenians, who without further triall or remission, yea without suffering them so much as to reply o r answer for themselves, condemned those noble and worthy Captaines, that returned victoriously from the sea-battell, which they neere the Iles ArginusÃÆ' ¦ had gained of the Macedenonians; the most contested, bloodie and greatest fight the Grecians e ver obtained by sea with their owne forces: forsomuch as after the victory, they had rather followed those occasions, which the law of warre presented unto them, for their availe, than to their prejudice staid to gather and bury their dead men. And the successe of Diomedon makes their ruthlesse execution more hatefull, who being a man of notable and exemplar vertue, both military and politike, and of them so cruelly condemned; after he had heard the bloody sentence, advancing himselfe forward to speake , having fit opportunitie and plausible audience; he, I say, in stead of excusing himselfe, or endevouring to justifie his cause, or to exasperate the evident iniquity of so cruell a doome, expressed but a care of the Judges preservation, earnestly beseeching the Gods to turne that judgement to their good, praying that for want of not satisfying the vowes which hee and his companions had vowed in acknowledgement and thanksgiving for so famous a victory, and honourable fortune, they might no t draw the wrath and revenge of the Gods upon them, declaring what their vowes were. And without more words, or any further reasons, couragiously addressed himselfe to his execution. But fortune some yeares after punished him alike, and ma de him taste o f the verie same sauce. For Chabrias, Captaine Generall of their sea-fleet, having afterward obtained a famous victory of Pollis, Admirall of Sparta, in the Ile of Naxos, lost absolutely the benefit of it, and onely contented with the day a matter of g reat consequence for their affaires fearing to incurre the mischiefe of this example, and to save a few dead carcasses of his friends, that floated up and downe the sea, gave leasure to an infinite number of his living enemies, whom he might easily haves urprized to sail away in safety, who afterward made them to purchase their importunate superstition, at a deere-deere rate. Quaeris, quo jaceas, post obitum, loco Quo non nata jacent. Sen. Tro as. chor. ii. 30. Where shall y ou lie when you are dead? Where they lye that were never bred. This other restores the sense of rest unto a body without a soule, Neque sepulchrum, quo recipiat, habeat portum corporis. Vbi remi ssa humana vita, corpus requiescat a malis? Cic. Tusc. Qu. i. Enni. To turne in as a havn, have he no grave, Where life left, from all griefe he rest may have. Even as Nature makes us to see, that many dead things have yet c ertaine secret relations unto life. Wine doth alter and change in sellers, according to the changes and alterations of the seasons of its vineyard. And the flesh of wilde beasts and venison doth change qualitie and taste in the powdering-tubs, according to the nature of living flesh, as some say that have observed it.